Exploring Emptiness	2.Small prefixes	3. Semantic profiles	4. Constructional profiles	5. Prefix variation	6. Aspectual triplets

Prefix		VY-
Methodology
iz-
o(b)-
ot-
pere-
pod-
pri-
raz-
u-
v-
v(o)z-
vy-

Submeaning	Description	Example	Example gloss
1. OUT OF A CONTAINER	Cause smth/smb to leave a location (container)	Gerakl vyvel iz podzemnogo carstva Cerbera	Hercules led Cerberus out from the subterranean kingdom
2. EMPTY A CONTAINER	Retrieve smth from a container so that the container gets empty	Storož vysypal iz meška jabloki	The guard poured the apples out of the bag
3. EXHAUSTIVE RESULT	Reach a complete irreversible result	Saša vykuril sigaretu	Sasha smoked a cigarette
4. EXHAUST A SURFACE	The action affects the whole surface of an object	Devuški vybelili steny	The girls whitened the walls.
5. NEGATIVE EXHAUSTION	An object is exhaustively damaged by the action	Oboi vycveli	The wallpaper faded
6. CREATE AN IMAGE ON A SURFACE	An image appears as a result of the action	Na ee perstne on vygraviroval inicialy	He engraved the initials on her ring
7. MAKE OUT OF	Create by giving shape to a raw material	Kopje ja vykoval sam	I forged the spear myself
8. DECLINE/DEVIATE	Curve a straight object	Koška vygnula spinu	The cat arched its back
9. ACQUIRE	Gain smth from someone	Ona vyvedala u nego, čto on edet v derevnu	She got out of him the information that he was going to the country
10. ENDURE	Resist hard conditions	Institut vystojal v gody vojny	The institute held out through the years of the war

1. OUT OF A CONTAINER

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vybežat’	run out	bežat’	run	n
vybit’(sja)	knock out; beat out	bit’	beat	n
vybrat’	select, pick out	brat’	take	n
vybyt’	quit, leave	byt’	be	n
vyčitat’	find, learn (by reading)	čitat’	read	m
vyčlenit’	detach one part of, single out	členit’	divide into parts	n
vydavit’	press out, squeeze out	davit’	press	n/m
vydelit’(sja)	single out; extract; secrete	delit’(sja)	divide	n
vydrat’	tear out, pull out	drat’	tear	n
vydumat’	think up	dumat’	think	m
vyexat’	drive out	exat’	drive	n
vygovorit’	articulate, speak	govorit’	speak	m
vygresti	rake out	gresti	rake	n
vygruzit’	unload, debark from	gruzit’	load	n
vyjti	walk out	idti	walk	n
vykarabkat’sja	get out	karabkat’sja	climb	n/m
vykatit’(sja)	roll out	katit’(sja)	roll	n
vykrast’	steal (out of)	krast’	steal	n
vykrutit’(sja)	unscrew; get oneself out of a trouble	krutit’(sja)	screw, whirl, spin	n/m
vykurit’	smoke out, drive smb out by smoke	kurit’	smoke	n/m
vyletet’	fly out	letet’	fly	n
vylit’(sja)	pour out; flow out	lit’(sja)	pour; flow	n
vylomat’	break open, break off	lomat’	break	n
vylovit’	fish out (one or several)	lovit’	try to catch	n
vymanit’	swindle (out of)	manit’	attract, lure	n
vynesti	carry out	nesti	carry	n
vyperet’	push out	peret’	push, make one’s way	n
vypisat’(sja)	copy out, excerpt; order, send for; send home from hospital	pisat’	write	n
vyplatit’	pay out, pay off	platit’	pay	n
vyplyt’	swim out	plyt’	swim	n
vypolzti	crawl out	polzti	crawl	n
vyputat’(sja)	disentangle; get out of a trouble	putat’(sja)	tangle	n/m
vyrezat’	cut out; carve	rezat’	cut	n
vyrvat’sja	break loose from; come out	rvat’(sja)	tear, strain, burst	n
vysadit’(sja)	make smb get off (e.g. a bus), drop off; transplant (from) a plant	sažat’, sadit’	make smb sit; plant	n
vyselit’	evict, force to move out	selit’	settle	n
vyslat’	send out; exile, deport	slat’	send	n
vysledit’	track down	sledit’	track	n
vysmotret’	spy out	smotret’	look at	m
vystavit’	bring out, display	stavit’	put, place, set	n
vysvetit’	put spotlight on	svetit’	light	m
vysypat’	break out, skin out (of a rash)	sypat’	pour, strew	n
vytesnit’	crowd out, force out	tesnit’	crowd, squeeze	n
vytolkat’	push out	tolkat’	push	n
vyverit’	adjust, regulate (of clocks), proofread	verit’	believe	m
vyvesti	lead out, bring out (also of mental state)	vesti	lead	n/m
vyvezti	take out, remove, export	vezti’	cart, convey	n
vyvoloč’	drag out	voloč’	drag	n
vyxodit’	tend, nurse, bring up	xodit’	walk	m
vyzdorovet’	recover	zdorovet’	become stronger, bigger	m
vyžit’	hound out, force to leave	žit’	live	n
vyzvat’(sja)	call out, send for	zvat’	call	n

Specialized Perfectives (52)

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vybrodit’	ferment	brodit’	ferment	m
vyčesat’	comb out	česat’	comb out	n
vygnat’	chase out; distill	gnat’	chase; distill	n/m
vykorčevat’	root out	korčevat’	root out	n
vykristallizovat’sja	crystallize	kristallizovat’sja	crystallize	n
vylečit’(sja)	cure	lečit’(sja)	treat	m
vyluščit’	chuck out	luščit’	chuck out	n
vymetat’	cast out, shed, litter (of fish, animals)	metat’	cast out, shed, litter (of fish, animals)	m
vypalit’	shoot, fire at	palit’	shoot, fire at	n
vypestovat’	cherish, nurse up a child	pestovat’	cherish, nurse up a child	m
vypjalit’sja	goggle (eyes); dress out	pjalit’sja	goggle (eyes); dress out	n/m
vypoit’	bring up an animal by giving to drink	poit’	bring up an animal by giving to drink	m
vypolot’	pull out weeds	polot’	pull out weeds	n
vypotrošit’	disembowel	potrošit’	disembowel	n
vypravit’	correct	pravit’	correct	m
vypučit’(sja)	goggle (eyes)	pučit’(sja)	goggle (eyes)	n
vyrasti	grow up	rasti	grow	m
vyrastit’	cultivate	rastit’	cultivate	m
vyrvat’	throw up; pull out (a tooth)	rvat’	throw up; pull out (a tooth)	n
vyskresti	scrape out, remove	skresti	scrape out, remove	n
vytaraščit’(sja)	open one’s eyes wide, stare	taraščit’(sja)	open one’s eyes wide, stare	n
vytaščit’	drag out	taščit’	drag	n
vyterebit’	pull out the roots of a plant	terebit’	pull out the roots of a plant	n
vytjanut’(sja)	stretch out	tjanut’(sja)	stretch out	n
vytošnit’	throw up	tošnit’	throw up	n
vytravit’	exterminate	travit’	exterminate	n
vyturit’	push out, shase out	turit’	push out, shase out	n
vyudit’	fish out	udit’	fish out	n
vyžat’	press out (a weight, bar-bell)	žat’	press out (a weight, bar-bell)	m

Natural Perfectives (29)

2. EMPTY A CONTAINER

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vycarapat’	scratch out	carapat’	scratch	n
vygovorit’sja	say all that is on one’s mind	govorit’	speak	m
vykolot’	put out someone’s eyes	kolot’	stab, prick	n
vylovit’	catch (all the fish)	lovit’	try to catch	n
vymučit’	extort from, force out of smb	mučit’	torture	m
vysypat’	pour out, empty out	sypat’	pour, strew	n
vyteč’	flow out	teč’	flow	n
vyvalit’	throw out, fall out	valit’	throw, fall	n

Specialized Perfectives (8)

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vybranit’sja	curse	branit’sja	curse	m
vycedit’	strain, filter or drink slowly all the liquid	cedit’	filter, filter or drink slowly all the liquid	n
vydolbit’	hollow out, gouge	dolbit’	hollow out, gouge	n
vykopat’	dig out	kopat’	dig out	n
vylakat’	lap, drink up all	lakat’	lap	n
vypit’	drink up	pit’	drink	n
vyrugat’sja	swear	rugat’sja	swear	m
vyryt’	dig out	ryt’	dig out	n
vysmorkat’(sja)	blow (one’s) nose	smorkat’(sja)	blow (one’s) nose	n
vysosat’	suck out	sosat’	suck out	n
vytrjasti	shake out	trjasti	shake out	n

Natural Perfectives (11)

3. EXHAUSTIVE RESULT

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vybrit’	shave clean	brit’	shave	m
vykurit’	smoke up a cigarette	kurit’	smoke	m
vyspat’sja	get a good night’s sleep	spat’	sleep	m

Specialized Perfectives (3)

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vyčistit’(sja)	clean up	čistit’(sja)	clean	m
vydrat’	beat up	drat’	beat	m
vydressirovat’	train (animals)	dressirovat’	train (animals)	m
vykupat’(sja)	bathe	kupat’(sja)	bathe	m
vymočit’	soak	močit’	(trans.) soak	m
vymoknut’	get soaked	moknut’	(intrans.) get soaked	m
vymuštrovat’	train, discipline	muštrovat’	train, discipline	m
vyparit’(sja)	affect with steam	parit’(sja)	affect with steam	m
vypoloskat’	rinse up	poloskat’	rinse	m
vyškolit’	train, discipline	školit’	train, discipline	m
vysoxnut’	dry up	soxnut’	(intrans.) dry	m
vystirat’	wash up (clothes)	stirat’	wash (clothes)	m
vystroit’(sja)	build up; form up a row	stroit’(sja)	build; form a row	m
vysušit’(sja)	dry out	sušit’(sja)	(trans.) dry	m
vytopit’	heat a room	topit’	heat a room	m
vyučit’(sja)	learn, teach	učit’(sja)	learn, teach	m
vyxolostit’	castrate	xolostit’	castrate	m
vyzubrit’	memorize, learn by rote	zubrit’	memorize, learn by rote	m

Natural Perfectives (18)

4. EXHAUST A SURFACE

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vybrit’	shave clean	brit’	shave	m
vylizat’	lick clean, lick up	lizat’	lick	m
vyteret’	wipe up, rub dry	teret’	rub	m
vytoptat’	trample down	toptat’	trample	m

Specialized Perfectives (4)

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vybelit’	blanch, whiten	belit’	blanch, whiten	m
vyčernit’	blacken	černit’	blacken	m
vydrait’	polish, clean intensively	drait’	polish, clean intensively	m
vydubit’	tan (leather)	dubit’	tan (leather)	m
vygladit’	iron	gladit’	iron	m
vykrasit’(sja)	paint	krasit’(sja)	paint	m
vyloščit’	polish, put a gloss on	loščit’	polish, put a gloss on	m
vyludit’	tin-coat, tin-plate	ludit’	tin-coat, tin-plate	m
vymarat’(sja)	make dirty (e.g. hands in ink)	marat’(sja)	make dirty (e.g. hands in ink)	m
vymazat’(sja)	smear, stain all over	mazat’(sja)	smear, stain all over	m
vymorit’	dye (wood)	morit’	dye (wood)	m
vymostit’	pave	mostit’	pave	m
vymyt’(sja)	wash out	myt’(sja)	wash	m
vypačkat’(sja)	soil, stain	pačkat’(sja)	soil, stain	m
vyrovnjat’	smooth out, level	rovnjat’	smooth out, level	m
vyserebrit’	silver-plate	serebrit’	silver-plate	m
vyskoblit’	polish, make smooth by scraping the surface	skoblit’	polish, make smooth by scraping the surface	m
vyšlifovat’	polish	šlifovat’	polish	m
vysmolit’	tar up, cover with tar	smolit’	tar up, cover with tar	m
vyštukaturit’	plaster	štukaturit’	plaster	m
vytrambovat’	level by pressing down	trambovat’	level by pressing down	m
vyutjužit’	iron	utjužit’	iron	m
vyželtit’	yellow	želtit’	yellow	m

Natural Perfectives (23)

5. NEGATIVE EXHAUSTION

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vycvesti	fade	cvesti	blossom	m
vydrat’	beat up	drat’	beat	m
vyest’	corrode	est’	eat	m
vygoret’	fade (of colors)	goret’	burn	m
vymeret’	die out, become deserted	meret’	die (in large numbers)	m
vyrezat’	butcher, massacre	rezat’	kill, slaughter	m
vyrubit’	cut down, fell trees	rubit’	fell trees	m
vyteret’	wear out, wear threadbare	teret’	rub	m
vyžeč’	burn down, burn out	žeč’	burn	m

Specialized Perfectives (9)

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vybranit’	scold	branit’	scold	m
vymorit’	exterminate	morit’	exterminate	m
vyporot’	whip	porot’	whip	m
vyrugat’	scold	rugat’	scold	m
vyseč’	beat up	seč’	beat	m
vystegat’	whip	stegat’	whip	m
vyzjabnut’	freeze, get damaged or die from cold	zjabnut’	freeze, get damaged or die from cold	m

Natural Perfectives (7)

6. CREATE AN IMAGE ON A SURFACE

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vyšit’	embroider a pattern	šit’	sew	m
vyžeč’	brand, make a mark by burning	žeč’	burn	m

Specialized Perfectives (2)

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vyčekanit’	mint, make image on metal	čekanit’	mint, make image on metal	m
vygravirovat’	engrave	gravirovat’	engrave	m
vyštampovat’	print or stamp an image	štampovat’	print or stamp an image	m
vytatuirovat’	tattoo	tatuirovat’	tattoo	m
vytkat’	weave	tkat’	weave	m

Natural Perfectives (5)

7. MAKE OUT OF

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vyrabotat’	manufacture; work out (a plan),	rabotat’	work	m

Specialized Perfective (1)

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vydut’	blow, produce by strong stream of air	dut’	blow, produce by strong stream of air	m
vyklepat’	rivet, hammer	klepat’	rivet, hammer	m
vykovat’	forge	kovat’	forge	m
vykroit’	cut out	kroit’	cut	m
vylepit’	mould	lepit’	mould	m
vylit’	cast, shape hot liquid metal	lit’	cast, shape hot liquid metal	m
vymetat’	make buttonholes	metat’	make buttonholes	m
vyplavit’	smelt	plavit’	smelt	m
vyprjast’	spin, make thread out of	prjast’	spin, make thread out of	m
vystročit’	sew on a sewing-machine	stročit’	sew on a sewing-machine	m
vystrogat’	plane, make wood smoother	strogat’	plane, make wood smoother	m
vytačat’	stitch	tačat’	stitch	m
vytočit’	make on a lathe	točit’	make on a lathe	m

Natural Perfectives (13)

8. DECLINE

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vygnut’(sja)	stretch out, curve (one’s back)	gnut’(sja)	bend	n

Specialized Perfective (1)

Natural Perfectives: not attested

9. ACQUIRE

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vygovorit’	reserve (the right to smth)	govorit’	speak, talk	m
vyigrat’	win	igrat’	play	m
vymenjat’	receive in exchange, barter	menjat’	exchange	m
vynudit’	extort	nudit’	force, compel	m
vyprosit’	obtain by asking, begging	prosit’	ask	m
vystradat’	achieve through suffering	stradat’	suffer	m
vyvedat’	worm a secret out of	vedat’	know	m
vyxlopotat’	obtain after much trouble	xlopotat’	make efforts	m

Specialized Perfectives (8)

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vykljančit’	obtain by begging	kljančit’	beg	m
vycyganit’	obtain by begging	cyganit’	beg	m

Natural Perfectives (2)

10. ENDURE

Lemma	Gloss	Base	Base gloss	n/m
vyderžat’	endure	deržat’	hold	m
vynesti	bear, stand, endure	nesti	carry	m
vynosit’	bring forth a child at full term	nosit’	carry	m
vystojat’	stand one’s ground	stojat’	stand	m
vystradat’	suffer through	stradat’	suffer	m
vyterpet’	bear, endure	terpet’	suffer	m
vyždat’	wait for the right time	ždat’	wait	m
vyžit’	survive, live through	žit’	live	m

Specialized Perfectives (8)

Natural Perfectives: not attested